隨著鐵路裝備現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程不斷加快，機(jī)、客、貨用車輛等裝備水平將全面提升，鐵路機(jī)車車輛用車輪、車軸需求大幅上升。

With the acceleration of the process of railway equipment modernization, the level of equipment for machinery, passenger and cargo vehicles will be improved in an all-round way, and the demand for wheels and axles for railway locomotive and rolling stock will rise substantially.

目前，許多鐵路車已普遍使用高強(qiáng)耐候鋼，相應(yīng)的高強(qiáng)鋼焊接材料也已配套推廣。冷彎型鋼的大量合理使用替代了熱軋型鋼的地位，還有如鋁合金材料也廣泛應(yīng)用于造車。目前國(guó)內(nèi)高速列車所需的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軸承鋼等高品質(zhì)特殊鋼需求量相當(dāng)大。

At present, many railway vehicles have been widely used high strength weathering steel, the corresponding high strength steel welding materials have also been promoted. A large number of reasonable use of cold bent steel has replaced the position of hot rolled steel, and aluminum alloy material is also widely used in car manufacturing. At present, the demand for high-standard bearing steel and other high-quality special steel required by domestic high-speed trains is considerable.

冷彎型鋼指用鋼板或帶鋼在冷狀態(tài)下彎曲成的各種斷面形狀的成品鋼材。冷彎型鋼是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)的截面輕型薄壁鋼材，也稱為鋼制冷彎型材或冷彎型材。冷彎型鋼是制作輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的主要材料。它具有熱軋所不能生產(chǎn)的各種特薄、形狀合理而復(fù)雜的截面。與熱軋型鋼相比較，在相同截面面積的情況下，回轉(zhuǎn)半徑可增大50～60％，截面慣性矩可增大0.5～3.0倍，因而能較合理地利用材料強(qiáng)度；與普通鋼結(jié)構(gòu)（即由傳統(tǒng)的工字鋼、槽鋼、角鋼和鋼板制作的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)）相比較，可節(jié)約鋼材30～50％左右。

Cold bent steel refers to the finished steel made of steel plate or strip steel bent in the cold state. Cold bent steel is an economic section of light thin-wall steel, also known as steel refrigeration bent profile or cold bent profile. Cold-bent steel is the main material for making light steel structure. It has a variety of extremely thin, reasonable shape and complex sections that can not be produced by hot rolling. Compared with hot rolled steel, under the same section area, the rotary radius can increase by 50~60%, and the inertia moment of the section can increase by 0.5~3.0 times, thus using the material strength; compared with ordinary steel structure (traditional I-steel, channel steel, corner steel and steel plate), can save 30~50%.

冷彎型鋼能夠滿足車輛設(shè)計(jì)者的合理的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，可以代替較厚重的熱軋型鋼，但是由于采用的較復(fù)雜斷面以及厚度有所減薄帶來了腐蝕和強(qiáng)度剛度等問題。用新型冷彎型鋼代替了原先的等邊角鋼，為了增加其剛度，就要求設(shè)計(jì)出一種類似于汽車上用的上邊框形狀這種形狀。最大的缺點(diǎn)是易于存水及污物，增加了表面的腐蝕速度，所以冷彎型鋼所用材料要具有一定的耐腐蝕性。

Cold bending steel can meet the reasonable design structure of the vehicle designer, can replace the heavy hot rolled steel, but due to the use of complex section and thickness of the problem of corrosion and strength problems. The new cold-bent steel replaces the original equal corner steel, which stiffness to design a shape similar to the upper frame used in a car. The biggest disadvantage is that it is easy to store water and dirt, increasing the corrosion speed of the surface, so the materials used in cold bending steel should have a certain corrosion resistance.

冷彎型鋼以其尺寸精確、外表美觀、性能穩(wěn)定、與熱軋產(chǎn)品比較重量輕，并能以較復(fù)雜斷面尺寸滿足用戶要求而廣泛應(yīng)用于各類建筑、橋梁、機(jī)械制造等行業(yè)，但在鐵路貨車上的應(yīng)用進(jìn)程比較緩慢。隨著鐵路貨車的重載和提速，要求設(shè)計(jì)部門在設(shè)計(jì)車輛時(shí)要不斷地優(yōu)化車體結(jié)構(gòu)，在不降低車輛性能的前提下合理減輕自重，以提高載重和車輛綜合性能，而車輛結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中采用冷彎型鋼就是一個(gè)有效的手段。

Cold bending steel is widely used in various kinds of construction, bridge, machinery manufacturing and other industries with its accurate size, beautiful appearance, stable performance, light weight, and can meet the requirements of users with complex section size, but its application process in railway trucks is relatively slow. With the heavy load and speed of railway freight cars, the design department is required to continuously optimize the body structure in the design of vehicles, and reasonably reduce the weight under the premise of not reducing the performance of the vehicle, so as to improve the comprehensive performance of the vehicle, and the use of cold bending steel in the design of vehicle structure is an effective means.